Data Files
All datasets are available in CSV and RDS formats. Harmonized datasets map historical results onto consistent boundaries to enable longitudinal analysis.
Local Elections
| Data |
Geographic Level |
Time Period |
Harmonization |
File Name |
Download Link |
| Local Elections |
Municipality |
1984–2025 |
No |
municipal_unharm |
CSV (12 MB) RDS |
| Local Elections |
Municipality |
1990–2025 |
Yes (2021) |
municipal_harm |
CSV (9 MB) RDS |
State Elections
| Data |
Geographic Level |
Time Period |
Harmonization |
File Name |
Download Link |
| State Elections |
Municipality |
1946–2025 |
No |
state_unharm |
CSV RDS |
| State Elections |
Municipality |
1946–2025 |
Yes (2021) |
state_harm_21 |
CSV RDS |
| State Elections |
Municipality |
1946–2025 |
Yes (2023) |
state_harm_23 |
CSV RDS |
| State Elections |
Municipality |
1946–2025 |
Yes (2025) |
state_harm_25 |
CSV RDS |
Federal Elections
| Data |
Geographic Level |
Time Period |
Harmonization |
File Name |
Download Link |
| Federal Elections |
Municipality |
1980–2025 |
No |
federal_muni_raw |
CSV (43 MB) RDS |
| Federal Elections |
Municipality |
1980–2025 |
No |
federal_muni_unharm |
CSV (83 MB) RDS |
| Federal Elections |
Municipality |
1990–2025 |
Yes (2021) |
federal_muni_harm_21 |
CSV (58 MB) RDS |
| Federal Elections |
Municipality |
1990–2025 |
Yes (2025) |
federal_muni_harm_25 |
CSV (57 MB) RDS |
| Federal Elections |
County |
1953–2025 |
No |
federal_cty_unharm |
CSV (4 MB) RDS |
| Federal Elections |
County |
1990–2025 |
Yes (2021) |
federal_cty_harm |
CSV (2 MB) RDS |
European Elections
| Data |
Geographic Level |
Time Period |
Harmonization |
File Name |
Download Link |
| European Elections |
Municipality |
2009–2024 |
No |
european_muni_unharm |
CSV RDS |
| European Elections |
Municipality |
2009–2024 |
Yes (2021) |
european_muni_harm |
CSV RDS |
Mayoral Elections
| Data |
Geographic Level |
Time Period |
Harmonization |
File Name |
Download Link |
| Mayoral Elections |
Municipality |
1945–2025 |
No |
mayoral_unharm |
CSV RDS |
| Mayoral Elections |
Municipality |
1945–2025 |
Yes (2021) |
mayoral_harm |
CSV RDS |
| Mayoral Candidates |
Municipality |
1945–2025 |
— |
mayoral_candidates |
CSV RDS |
| Mayor Panel |
Municipality |
1945–2025 |
No |
mayor_panel |
CSV RDS |
| Mayor Panel (annual) |
Municipality |
1945–2025 |
No |
mayor_panel_annual |
CSV RDS |
| Mayor Panel |
Municipality |
1945–2025 |
Yes (2021) |
mayor_panel_harm |
CSV RDS |
| Mayor Panel (annual) |
Municipality |
1945–2025 |
Yes (2021) |
mayor_panel_annual_harm |
CSV RDS |
Coverage: Bayern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Schleswig-Holstein (mayors of municipalities only — head-of-county [Landrat] elections are now in their own dataset, see below). Candidate-level data includes predicted gender and name-based migration background classification.
Landrat Elections
Direct-election results for heads of German Landkreise (rural counties) and equivalent administrative regions (Städteregion Aachen, Regionalverband Saarbrücken). Companion to the mayoral dataset; same schema, but covers county-level units (8-digit AGS ending in 000).
| Data |
Geographic Level |
Time Period |
Harmonization |
File Name |
Download Link |
| Landrat Elections |
County |
1945–2026 |
No |
landrat_unharm |
CSV RDS |
| Landrat Candidates |
County |
1945–2026 |
— |
landrat_candidates |
CSV RDS |
Coverage by state: Bayern (1945–2025, 71 Kreise), NRW (2009–2025, 31 Kreise + Städteregion Aachen), Niedersachsen (2006–2025), Rheinland-Pfalz (1994–2024), Thüringen (2006–2024), Sachsen (2002, 2008, 2015, 2020, 2022, 2025), Brandenburg (2018–2026), Sachsen-Anhalt (2007, 2014, 2015), Saarland (Regionalverband Saarbrücken + 5 Landkreise). 1,659 elections / 3,753 candidate rows total. Baden-Württemberg and Schleswig-Holstein are not included because their Landräte are elected by the Kreistag (no popular vote); Hessen and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern require per-Kreis scraping which is not yet implemented.
| Data |
Geographic Level |
Time Period |
Harmonization |
File Name |
Download Link |
| County Elections |
Municipality & County |
1948–2024 |
No |
county_elec_unharm |
CSV RDS |
| County Elections |
Municipality & County |
1948–2024 |
Yes (2021) |
county_elec_harm_21 |
CSV RDS |
| County Elections |
County |
1948–2024 |
Yes (2021) |
county_elec_harm_21_cty |
CSV RDS |
| County Elections |
Municipality |
1948–2024 |
Yes (2021) |
county_elec_harm_21_muni |
CSV RDS |
Additional Files
| Data |
Geographic Level |
Time Period |
Harmonization |
File Name |
Download Link |
| Crosswalks |
Municipality |
1990–2021 |
— |
ags_crosswalks |
CSV (27 MB) RDS |
| Crosswalks |
Municipality |
1990–2025 |
— |
ags_1990_2025_crosswalk |
CSV (28 MB) RDS |
| Crosswalks |
County |
1990–2021 |
— |
cty_crosswalks |
CSV (1 MB) RDS |
| Shapefiles |
Municipality/County |
2000, 2021 |
— |
VG250_GEM / VG250_KRS |
2000 2021 |
| Covariates |
Municipality |
1990–2023 |
Yes |
ags_area_pop_emp |
CSV RDS |
| Covariates |
County |
1990–2023 |
Yes |
cty_area_pop_emp |
CSV RDS |